Business Social Dimension Role

Introduction Business is an entity of society. It is the economic sector of the society. Both the society and business relate and affect each other in very significant ways. Optimum productivity from both society and business arise from those activities that cater for the needs of both the business and the correspondent society simultaneously. This is the trend historically.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Business’ Social Dimension Role specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, for its own success business should seek to be party to those activities that gear towards the betterment of the society in which it carries out its business. Most importantly, with the current issue of globalisation, business should not only seek to increase its profits but should also seek to extend its social responsibility network to countries previously bound by national boundaries. The Role of Government in the Soc iety The government is a product of society. Historically, the government primarily meets the needs of society. It is consequently, supposed to act for the good of society. Firstly, the government is the regulator of activities within its jurisdiction. This is to mean that it is the body, in any modern society, tasked with the mandate of making laws. Secondly, the government is responsible of securing the economy of its respective nation by ensuring the stability of the national currency and governing trade within the nation and between the nation and the rest of the world. This as a result affects the quality of life of the public. Thirdly, the government is both a direct consumer and an investor in both the public and business. Governments all over the world have in the past provided capital to private business in order to encourage the industries in the country. The government largely consumes labour from the public and on the other hand invests in the production of such labour f or instance, through education. Role of Business in the Society The main role of business in the society is to produce both goods and services in order to meet demand created by the public. It must, however, do so in such a way that companies also make profits so that they can continue to exist. Businesses provide goods and services that both the public and governments cannot do without having. In addition to this, businesses also consume both products and services from both the government and the public such as labour (Kotler, Margaret and Turner 2011). Therefore, it is the responsibility of any business to give back to society. This way the company will gain acceptability in society.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Role of the Public in Society Both business and the government exist to serve the public. Therefore, the public is the main consumer of goods and s ervices produced by both the government and businesses. It provides a ready market for businesses and the government. In addition to this, the public is the main producer of labour for both the government and businesses. Stakeholders’ Framework A business stakeholder is a party that is involved in the business of business. The activities of the business affect him directly. Business stakeholders include the following. Internal stakeholders include the business owners (shareholders), employees and management. External stakeholders include the consumers, suppliers, other businesses, government and the public. Social and Ethical Responsibilities of Business to Its Internal Stakeholders Business has the responsibility to treat its entire internal stakeholder fairly and humanly. To its employees and management it has the duty to employ them without discrimination (e.g. on gender, religion or disability basis). It also has responsibility to compensate them reasonably and without un due delays. Moreover, it ensures safe working premises, to allow them rights to associate e.g. by allowing them freedom to join trade unions and to show each one of them their due dignity as a human being. Once a company or organization hires employees and management, they in turn become part of business and they have the responsibility to the shareholders (owners) to protect the confidentiality of the business. In addition, it is their obligation to treat the shareholders with the respect they deserve and to be faithful in their job of earning the shareholders profits.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Business’ Social Dimension Role specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Social and Ethical Responsibility of Business to Its External Stakeholders Business has the moral obligation to the consumers and the public not to produce goods and services that have the potential to cause any harm to people. In addi tion, it is the responsibility of business not to unreasonably over charge the consumers for its goods and services. Recently it is has become the responsibility of business to contribute to the wellbeing of the society in which it carries out its business in the sense that a better society means a better environment for doing business. In fact, a business social dimension is a plus in the conduct of business. It makes the very people who buy services and goods the mere existence of that business. This makes them to want to buy their products more that create customer loyalty. Business also has the obligation to trade fairly with other businesses and its suppliers to ensure an optimal business environment and to meet its financial obligations accordingly. It also has the responsibility to obey the laws of the country/state in which it is carrying out its business. The accounting department is under obligation to represent the true financial position of business as required by the ac counting principles. The operations and production department should not produce products that can harm the consumers and/or destroy the environment. The sales and marketing department is under obligation to exercise marketing ethics such as fairness in pricing, transparency in giving any relevant details such as risk involved in the consumption of the product etc. The finance department should at all times exercise fairness in its operations such as pricing and payment of taxes. The human resource department should never discriminate potential employees on any basis apart from merit. In the event that there arises need to downsize, the HR department should exercise fairness when deciding who should be fired e.g. firing based on performance etc.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They should also ensure that those fired get adequate compensation for any reasonable inconveniences caused by the organisation e.g. by employing a send-off package to cover for expenses before the persons can secure another source of income etc (Hutt and Speh 2009). Top management bears the greatest responsibility when it comes to the issues of social responsibility and ethics. This is so because they are the face of the organisation and because they make the most important strategic decisions. They must therefore ensure that at all times they make decisions that do not infringe on the social rights of individuals both in and outside the organisation. Such decisions as what products to produce, the organisation’s policy on environmental conservation, corporate social responsibility, the organisation’s competitive advantage, and employees’ conduct policy and the organisations compliance to legal requirements should be based on research on the various stakeholder s affected by each decision, failure to which may affect the organisation’s productivity (Carnal 2007). The process of identification of stakeholders happens as day-to-day business activities take place through a process known as stakeholder analysis (the process of identifying parties that are impacted or that will affect an organisation’s course of action). This is because most of the stakeholders will be affected by (or will affect) the business of business. For instance, a rise in the demand of organisations products affects suppliers of raw materials significantly. Employees will have to work harder to meet the demand. On the other hand, other business will want to compete or do business with the organisation, consumers and society will be responsible for the increase in demand. At the end of the day, the shareholders/investors will enjoy the probable increase in income and the government will enjoy the taxes thereof. An organisation may classify its stakeholders based on the following The level of influence: This is the significance of the stakeholders’ contribution to the organisations decision-making process. Stakeholders such as the shareholders have very high influence on the decisions made by the organisation’s management. Legitimacy of the relationship: This implies on how official/viable the relationship between the organisation and the stakeholder is. The more official, the more the impact the stakeholder’s decisions will have on the organisation’s business and the more the organisation’s actions will affect the stakeholder. The urgency of the claims: Stakeholders such as the consumers may not have a legitimate relationship with an organisation but their claims should be met first if the business wants to proceed in business. Therefore, management should accord them the necessary attention or risk being out of business. Advantages of Stakeholder Analysis It helps to minimise and eliminate risks that could crop up due to misunderstanding the stakeholders e.g. breaking of environmental regulations. It also helps in identifying ways of influencing other stakeholders. A stakeholder analysis enables the organisation to incorporate the stakeholders’ wishes in the organisation’s actions. A well-done analysis also helps the organisation in eliminating negative stakeholders and their negative impacts on the business. Finally, a sound stakeholder analysis provides the organisation with a mechanism of acting efficiently. Impacts of Environmental Forces on Business Environmental force/factors include political factors, social-cultural factors, economic factors, technological and macro and microenvironments. All these factors determine the way organisations carry out business. Economic factors such as interest rates affect the price of money and therefore determine return on investment. Political instability determines the rate of insecurity in a country band as a result the rate of risk in investing in such a country. Social cultural factors such as religion helps in product design e.g. on cannot start pork butchery in a Muslim dominated area and expect high sales. Technology is a requirement in any business in our time, for a business to succeed it must employ the use of the latest technologies. Effects of Globalisation on Corporate Stakeholders Globalisation levels out the playing field of doing business in a global scale. This is to mean that competition is no longer limited to national or regional boundaries. Investment is on a global scale. Sourcing for labour is also on a global scale and generally, the issues faced in one country are a replica of what happens in the whole world. This may affect such factors as the cost of labourers there are labourer e.g. in third world countries who can offer the same kind of labour for a much lower price. Government Regulation of Business The business environment is a very volatile environment especially in the 21st century. This is mainly because of stiff competition between players in the various industries and the carrying out of business on the internet. Therefore, there is a need for regulation to create sanity in the business field (Campbell 1998). The government must also protect the rights of the consumers. It does this through enacting laws that constrain business from unduly exploiting the consumers. In addition, the government must also protect the environment. It does this by enacting waste management laws and ensuring that businesses follow those laws (Sullivan 2003). Importance of Business Social Responsibility in the Society A better society creates a better environment for doing business. Business will therefore gain e.g. by contributing to the societies efforts to increase the level of security, business will also be protecting its own plant. In today’s business world, businesses are seeking to tailor their goods according to the taste and preferences of the end users who are a big part of society. The more business is involved with society the more it is going to become aware of its end user’s needs and consequently the more it has going to able to tailor its products to fit their various needs. Good public image; social responsibility shows that the organisation cares about society and not just their money. As a result, society wants to keep doing business with the organisation. Impacts of Business Social and Ethical Responsibility in the Society Social responsibility has greatly affected society in different areas of life. Among the greatest beneficiaries is the environment. As more and more organisations take up the challenge of conserving the environment, it is becoming a necessity for the whole of the business fraternity in the world to engage in environmental conservation activities. Consequently the world’s society is gaining from these efforts, for instance increase in rainfall around the world, reduced global war ming etc. The funds that come from Corporate Social Responsibility are changing lives in the society. Organisations are reaching out around the globe all the way to third world countries and transforming the lives of poor members of society (Capon 2008). Conclusion The world has today become a global village and the business that is going to succeed is one that has a competitive advantage over the others. Therefore, any business that wants to be productive should ensure that it places itself in such a position that it is able to exploit all opportunities without infringing the social rights of society. In fact, a business social dimension is a plus in the conduct of business. It makes the very people who buy services and goods the mere existence of that business. This makes them to want to buy their products more that create customer loyalty. References Campbell, D. (1998). Organizations and Business Environment. Oxford: Legoprint. Capon, C. (2008). Understanding Strategic Managemen t. New York: FT/Prentice Hall. Carnal, C. (2007). Managing Change in Organizations. Essex: Pearson Education. Hutt, M. Speh , T. (2009). Business Management Marketing. London: Cengage Publishers. Kotler, P., Margaret, H. Turner, E. (2011). Marketing Management. New York: Pearson Publishers. Sullivan, A. (2003). Economics: Principles in Action. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458: Pearson Prentice Hall. This research paper on Business’ Social Dimension Role was written and submitted by user Madison C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Domestic Violence and How it is Seen as a Precursor to Homelessness in Women

â€Å" Domestic Violence and how it is seen as a Precursor to Homelessness in Women† â€Å"As soon as we moved into this house, you think you can have your way†¦ You are my wife and I tell you what you can do and what you can’t do.† This kind of statement is typical of what a battered woman knows to be the only truth in her household. Domestic violence is greatly on the rise and is one of the leading causes of homelessness among women in today’s society. Rather than approach domestic violence as a direct â€Å"cause† of homelessness, one might hope to understand how such violence could help create the circumstances that might particularly make a woman more susceptible to homelessness. Domestic violence and poverty may intersect with other issues to produce the circumstances that often leave women no other choice but to seek temporary shelter for the short-term, and therefore remain precariously housed. Homelessness is defined as a person who lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate night time residence, and has a primary night time residence that is: A) Supervised publicly or privately operated shelter designed to provide temporary living accommodations. B) An institution that provides temporary residence for individuals intended to be institutionalized C) A public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings. (Stewart B. McKinney Act, 42 U.S.C.; 11301, et seq. (1994). According to the McKinney Act (1994), this definition usually includes those people who face imminent eviction form their current form of shelter. Domestic violence, or battering, is the establishment of control and fear in a relationship through violence and other forms of abuse. The batterer uses acts of violence and a series of behaviors, including intimidation, threats, psychological abuse, and isolation to coerce and control the other person. (Somers, 1992). When most women are in ... Free Essays on Domestic Violence and How it is Seen as a Precursor to Homelessness in Women Free Essays on Domestic Violence and How it is Seen as a Precursor to Homelessness in Women â€Å" Domestic Violence and how it is seen as a Precursor to Homelessness in Women† â€Å"As soon as we moved into this house, you think you can have your way†¦ You are my wife and I tell you what you can do and what you can’t do.† This kind of statement is typical of what a battered woman knows to be the only truth in her household. Domestic violence is greatly on the rise and is one of the leading causes of homelessness among women in today’s society. Rather than approach domestic violence as a direct â€Å"cause† of homelessness, one might hope to understand how such violence could help create the circumstances that might particularly make a woman more susceptible to homelessness. Domestic violence and poverty may intersect with other issues to produce the circumstances that often leave women no other choice but to seek temporary shelter for the short-term, and therefore remain precariously housed. Homelessness is defined as a person who lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate night time residence, and has a primary night time residence that is: A) Supervised publicly or privately operated shelter designed to provide temporary living accommodations. B) An institution that provides temporary residence for individuals intended to be institutionalized C) A public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings. (Stewart B. McKinney Act, 42 U.S.C.; 11301, et seq. (1994). According to the McKinney Act (1994), this definition usually includes those people who face imminent eviction form their current form of shelter. Domestic violence, or battering, is the establishment of control and fear in a relationship through violence and other forms of abuse. The batterer uses acts of violence and a series of behaviors, including intimidation, threats, psychological abuse, and isolation to coerce and control the other person. (Somers, 1992). When most women are in ...

Discussion 2 Week 7 Award Fee Contracts Assignment

Discussion 2 Week 7 Award Fee Contracts - Assignment Example 2. Discuss whether contractors provide better work with an award fee. Include in your discussion on whether or not they are incentivized by the better profit potential of an award-fee contract. Support your position with an example. One strongly believes that contractors provide better work with an award fee. As defined, an award fee â€Å"is an amount of money that a contractor may earn in whole or in part by meeting or exceeding subjective criteria stated in an award fee plan† (US Government Accountability Office, 2009, p. 1). It is a form of motivation or incentive that contractors could avail for exceeding expectations or exhibiting exemplary performance. For instance, a contractor is supposed to complete a painting of a government building in two weeks’ time using total costs of materials amounting to $50,000. If the contactor is able to complete the project in one week’s time and with savings amounting to $5,000, then, the contractor could be given an award fee. The provision would enable the contractor to gain a positive image, in addition to the award fee and would be considered a plus factor for future contracting projects. US Government Accountability Office. (2009, August 3). 1. From the e-Activity, discuss whether or not the agencies mentioned took any actions that reflected the suggestions provided by the Office of Management and Budget. If you think actions were taken, state what actions were taken and explain why those act. Retrieved from gao.gov:

Evaluate and revise A Strategy for Scottish Tourism Essay

Evaluate and revise A Strategy for Scottish Tourism - Essay Example It was evolved primarily based on the views that the overseas target markets showed declining performance, there was considerable increase in short tours and also the expenditure was exceeding budgets as per the targets set. The new strategy was the result of a consultation document from Henry McLeish MSP, Honorable Minister for Enterprise and Lifelong Learning in 1999. The consultation document provided the broad items that could go to make for the new strategy, viz., optimal use of IT, tourism promotion to remote and rural areas, assuring quality, identifying future markets, domestic as well as overseas, extending the tourism season, improving training, improving accessibility of areas for tourism interest in Scotland, ATB functioning, as well as making tourism sustainable in the long term. It is therefore in this context that the strategy was examined. Acknowledges are due and hence conveyed in all earnestness to the university professors, fellow students as well as the different authors and experts who have permitted quoting their works in this report. In particular, mention needs to be made of JRB Ritchie and GI Crouch, whose painstaking work The Competitive Destination: A sustainable tourism perspective, 2003, has afforded this study to be made on the basic of fundamental strategy and tourism concepts outlined by these eminent authors. The study examined the new Scottish Tourist Board (STB) strategy according to the principle that tourism development needs to both competitive and sustainable in the long term. Sustainability means conserving the natural resources of Scotland and protecting its heritage structures. The strategy recognizes the natural advantages of Scotland in its scenic beauty and varied landscape and also highlights efforts to be undertaken like technology adoption, customer focus, service quality assurance, lifelong learning, training, better coordination among public bodies and greater involvement of

Violent Video Games Contribute to Violence Research Paper

Violent Video Games Contribute to Violence - Research Paper Example This is especially in the schools where some after falling out with their peers have resulted to shootings. Conversely, studies have contended contrary to violence emanating from the violent videos mainly among the children. They contend that, aggression especially among teenage usually emanates from the environment, which nurtures them to maturity or due to mental disorder of an individual. Hence, reshaping one’s character where one becomes violent due to the belief that this is the only way others can understand own situation. Studies have proved that violent gamers normally depict characteristics of antagonism chiefly in their behavior (Craig & Karen 778). This usually extends even long after the turning off the game where the players’ inner emotions become numbed and merciless contrary to those who have not watched. Since, the current, sophisticated media allows the players actively interact with the scenes where with other peers they can compete to prove possessed remarkable expertise to outdo the other. This brews aggression among the players and especially if they are teens, where their control immensely relies on emotions and not intellect because of their immaturity (Craig & Karen 779). Consequently, they turn hostile especially when they are in the midst of other students and when irritated result to killing; similarly the way they see and do while playing during their video sessions. Psychology claims that youngsters develop â€Å"Behavioral scripts† where life’s experiences usually record themselves. According Michael Rich, children use this to respond to the external environment, and especially when it seems hostile, they counteract it with the same measure or extra (Craig & Karen 780). Alternatively, they act to outdo or outwit the predicament that is depriving them the comfort they are experiencing via either inflicting pain, which is the environment comprising of their peers. Consequently, they result to hurting them and regretting afterwards of their actions when they sober up. The motivator of all these is what they attain from the violent video games (Craig, Katherine & Gentile 3). Since, most normally place the player on the side of the aggressor. It makes the player start having the feelings of hostility, and one expects the same from those he engages who are ready to fight and resist, but one’s peers are contrary. Primarily, the game offers rewards to the aggressor due to achievements made in pursuance of their opponent while in their mission. Owing to constant urge in playing these games, they normally offer the player to rehearse the entire process involving provocation to the absolute resolution of the conflict, which is death (Ferguson & Rueda 102). Additionally, since these games are addictive, they augment the learners’ skills and embed aggression in their character as they continue maturing. Hence, become part of them, which it may be hard to amend their behavior once they are adults. According to studies, youths’ exposure to video games has resulted to numbing their feelings against horror or both the human and property destruction. Youths emulate numerous sadistic actions evident in these videos and assume that, the only and effective way to deal with life predicaments is via violence (Ferguson & Rueda 105). In this way, youths may not be aware until other people notice and with proper

Overview Of Wilmar International Limited Company Marketing Essay

Overview Of Wilmar International Limited Company Marketing Essay Wilmar International Type Public (SGX: F34, ASX:à ¿SGT) Industry Agribusiness Headquarters Singapore Key people Kuok Khoon Hong, Chairman Products Palm Oil Revenue $23.89 billion USD (March 2010) Operating income $1.88 billion USD (March 2010) Total assets 23.36 USD (March 2010) Total equity 30.31 USD (March 2010) Employees >80,000 Website Wilmar International Homepage Wilmar International Limited[1] founded in 1991, is today Asias leading agribusiness group. It ranks amongst the largest listed companies by market capitalisation on the Singapore Exchange (second largest as of Sep 2010)[2]. It is a Singapore-based investment holding company that provides management services to its 400+ subsidiary companies[3]. Wilmar International business activities include oil palm cultivation, edible oils refining, oilseeds crushing, consumer pack edible oils processing and merchandising, specialty fats, oleochemicals and biodiesel manufacturing, and grains processing and merchandising. Wilmars merchandising and processing segment encompass (1) merchandising of palm oil and laurics-related products; (2) operations of palm oil processing and refinery plants; (3) crushing, further processing and refining of a range of edible oils, oilseeds, grains and soyabean. Its consumer products segment has oil bottling business in Peoples Republic of China, Vietnam and Indonesia. Its plantation and palm oil mills segment engages in oil palm cultivation and milling. Other segment includes manufacturing and distribution of fertiliser and ship-chartering services. Another success of the company are become a largest global processor and merchandiser of palm and lauric oils; it has a largest plantation companies in Malaysia and Indonesia; one of the largest palm biodiesel manufacturer in the world; a leading consumer pack edible oils producer, oilseeds crusher, edible oils refiner, specialty fats and oleochemicals manufacturer in China, in India, one of the leading importers of edible oils into East Africa. These are news about its successes: Primarily in the core agricultural business, Wilmar has chalked up US$21.3 billion in revenue following increased sales volume in oilseeds and grains and consumer products as well as higher selling price of agricultural commodities. Under the deal, Wilmar is buying Malaysia-listed PPB OIl Palms Bhd, Kuok Oils Grains Pte Ltd and PGEO Group Sdn Bhd for 4.1 bln sgd in an all-share deal. Wilmar will issue to the Kuok Group 2.4 bln new shares at 1.71 sgd each as payment for the acquisitions, giving the Kuok Group a 31 pct stake in the merged entity. The stake of Wilmar Holdings Pte Ltd in Wilmar International will be diluted to 48.5 pct from 81.90 pct after the merger is completed. Separately, Wilmar International said it is buying the edible oil and grains businesses of Wilmar Holdings , including the interest of Archer Daniels Midland Asia Pacific in the said businesses, for 2.5 bln sgd. (http://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2006/12/14/afx3254056.html 12.14.06, 5:28 AM ET) 2. CSR : Corporate Social Responsibilitties of the Company Like all the big and famous companies, they always focus on the responsibilities to the increasing demands of society for greater Corporate Responsibility, They are interesting in protect the environment, they participated into the Sustainable sourcing activities, and Community and Social Benefit, News from Businessweek.com/news / 2010, Wilmar International bought a CSR Ltd sugar unit: By Wendy Pugh and Luzi Ann Javier July 5 (Bloomberg) Wilmar International Ltd., the worlds largest palm oil trader, agreed to buy CSR Ltd.s sugar unit for A$1.75 billion ($1.5 billion), beating Chinas Bright Food Group Co.s bid for Australias biggest refiner. The offer includes A$1.35 billion in cash and A$403 million in assumed net debt, Singapore-based Wilmar said today in a statement. Sydney-based CSR is the worlds second-largest exporter of raw sugar and Australias No.1 producer of sugar- based ethanol and renewable energy generator from biomass. (http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-07-05/wilmar-to-pay-a-1-75-billion-for-csr-s-sugar-business.html ) In official website of the company, they wrote these as undertaking to the society : Our business activities have a direct impact on livelihoods and quality of living, both on our employees and our neighbouring communities. The nature of our business means that we sometimes operate in the most remote parts of developing countries. We have benefited much from these countries and we wish to do our bit for these countries too. We recognise our ability, and our responsibility to better the quality of living conditions of our neighbours, especially for the rural poor. Our approach is to ensure we bring meaningful and lasting benefits to the communities in areas where we operate, while we maintain the continual viability of our business. We reckon one of the best means to achieving this is to build open, honest and mutually beneficial relationships that promote harmony with them. To this end, we are committed to progressive socio-economic policies and programmes in the local communities and economies we operate in In a nutshell, we firmly believe that environmental conservation and economic prosperity through sustainable agriculture can work in practice. (http://www.wilmar-international.com/sustainability/community.htm on March 04, 2011) And how do they face to Climate changes? They said : Human pressure on the global climatic system is largely the result of economic and industrial activities that have increased the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) into the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases, associated with the greenhouse effect and subsequent global warming, are caused by the accumulation of mostly carbon dioxide and other gases such as methane and nitrogen oxide in the atmosphere. We monitor our GHG emissions and are constantly looking for ways to reduce our carbon footprint in our plantation and industrial operations.à ¿ For example, our mills make use of biomass to generate electricity, including agricultural wastes such as empty fruit bunches, tree fronds from the plantations, by-products from mills like shells and mill fibre. à ¿This helps to cut down our consumption of fossil fuels, by reducing our dependence on electricity from the national and local grids, as well as diesel-fired plant generators. These biomass energy plants generate carbon-neutral electricity, and some are registered as Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects. Under the Kyoto Protocol, aà ¿protocolà ¿to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), industrialised countries (countries listed in Annex B) can fulfil their commitments to GHG reduction, by participating in project activities in developing countries, which are certified to reduce GHG emissions. (http://www.wilmar-international.com/sustainability/stewardship_climate.htm on March 6, 2011) The concept of High Conservation Value Forests (HCVF) is defined by the Forest Stewardship Council as having outstanding and critical importance due to its high environmental, socio-economic, biodiversity, or landscape values. For example, the forested areas may contain rare, threatened or endangered ecosystems, or the areas may provide basic services of nature in critical situations such as erosion control. The concept is conceived as a way of reconciling socio-economic progress with environmental protection. (http://www.wilmar-international.com/sustainability/stewardship_land.htm on March 6, 2011) Subtainability But while fulfilling these obligations, businesses are often caught in a trade-off between the desire for economic growth and the imperative to protect the natural environment and safeguard the interests of the population; from climate change and environmental degradation, to the imbalance between rising population and depleting resources, as well as the widening rich-poor divide. In our endeavour towards achieving business excellence, we have learned from others as well as from our own experience that sustainable development is the way forward. With this appreciation, striving for the right balance between growth and sustainability becomes our principal goal. Amidst the impoverished regions of the developing economies in which we operate, our presence has brought relief and stability to many who live on the poverty line. In our farming practices, we have also adopted a responsible plantation management approach that enables us to enhance natures biodiversity without compromising yields or plantation profitability. In a nutshell, we firmly believe that environmental conservation and economic prosperity through sustainable agriculture can work in practice. At the same time, we also recognise we can do much more to benefit the world with help and support from other stakeholders. This refers to engaging stakeholders through listening and addressing their concerns into our business decisions and actions, as well as forming strategic collaborations with them, where relevant. Indeed, palm oil production can enjoy longevity if operators subscribe to the same set of principles and adopt the same set of responsible best practices They take care the Employee Welfare also as : Training and development have always been an integral aspect of continual investment in our human capital, to enhance individual and organisation effectiveness. We work to ensure that every employee has an equal opportunity at career development. We also encourage our employees to take up overseas assignments or postings to further their learning. Health and safety are Wilmars top considerations concerning the employees. Wilmar pays careful consideration to the safety of our employees at the workplace, for our plantation operations all over the world. We conduct regular trainings and implement programmes to foster awareness of occupational health and safety risks. Additionally, we inculcate stringent health and safety policies, as well as practices amongst our staff in all our operations. With a significant portion of our employees based in the plantations, we take an extra interest in their welfare. This is reflected in a series of undertakings to support their work and livelihoods. We provide rice at subsidised rates for our employees. In areas where oil palm cultivation is not suitable, we have converted the flood-prone lands to paddy fields for rice cultivation. The produce is then sold to employees at subsidised rates ( http://www.wilmar-international.com/sustainability/community_welfare.htm on March 6, 2011) Just look at the company website, we might have not a overall view of all, from another source we find out more about this : SYDNEY/SINGAPORE (Reuters) Singapores Wilmar International Ltd (WLIL.SI) on Monday struck a surprise deal to buy Australian conglomerate CSR Ltds sugar business for A$1.75 billion ($1.47 billion), trumping Chinas Bright Food Group. By Michael Smith and Charmian Kokin SYDNEY/SINGAPORE | Mon Jul 5, 2010 3:17am BST (http://uk.reuters.com/article/2010/07/05/us-csr-idUKTRE66328B20100705) While other companies either struggled or sank during the economic downturn last year, Singapore-headquartered agribusiness group Wilmar International had a busy 2009, continuing its growth strategy of previous years and making two large oleochemical investments. (http://www.icis.com/Articles/2010/09/30/9397836/wilmar-boosts-growth-in-oleochemicals.html on 30 September 2010 18:49) Will Wilmar Hit The Property Jackpot? Despite this, a challenging operating environment, lower margins and a hike in various expenses have brought about a 30% fall in Wilmars bottomline. Nevertheless, Wilmar generated 4.9 times increase in cash flow from operating activities. Notably, Wilmar was able to maintain its proforma net gearing at a healthy level of 0.7 times as at 30 September 2010, despite a 46.7% jump in net loans and borrowings. These speak volumes about the strong financial position Wilmar is in. (http://www.sharesinv.com/articles/2011/01/17/will-wilmar-hit-the-property-jackpot/ 17 January 2011) Why could they face with the world crisis? They were undertaking to protect environment, protect human work right, they had good policies to expand to another countries like China, and India which is along with the globalization large champagne, so the company could be faced to world crisis in recent years. Another way, in the company website, they said : Our business strategy involves building an integrated business model which captures the entire value chain of the agricultural commodity processing business, from origination, processing and transportation to the branding, merchandising and distribution of a wide range of agricultural products. Our business model enjoys lower cost due to economies of scale, integration, logistical and distribution advantages, and superior market intelligence. (http://www.wilmar-international.com/business_index.htm on March 7,2011) I think this is the main key of the company which it makes them overcome the crisis, while the world is faced the big inflation. Due to lower cost, supply for big customers with large volume of quality goods, they keep on the success way to maintain the reputation and revenue of the company. This is its strategy over past few years, Significance: Wilmars latest investment is in line with its long-term processing strategy and may see the company reap benefits in the future from rising commodity prices as palm oil is one of Indonesias main export commodities. (Singapore Daily Bulletin 08/02/11) The Markets it has focused are China, India Market to exploit the potential factors of these land while these countries are on the way to develop: that is the large market, great number of labours, and good source of materials etc for its improvement. The Globalization Strategy of the company is that process. And they have success on this strategy rather quickly, from 2006 until now. 5. Vision, Mission, goals: As the above evidence, we found out that the vision of Wilmar OUR VISION To become the best, reliable, honorable oil palm plantation and put on the international level. OUR MISSION To manage healthy and innovative oil palm plantation and processing industry and to put priorities on quality and environmental sustainability through the implementation of Good Corporate Principles in ensuring the goals of all companies stakeholders. (http://recruitment-wip.com/ on March 7, 2011) And what are goals: that is bring the value things to life for stakeholders, customers, environment, society and so on. REFERENCE: WILMAR INTERNATIONAL LIMITED (Company Registration Number: 199904785Z) (Incorporated in the Republic of Singapore) Page 1 of 3 NOTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 704(11) OF SGX-ST LISTING MANUAL List of persons, occupying managerial positions in the Issuer or any of its principal subsidiaries, who are related to a Director, CEO or Substantial Shareholder of the Issuer.

Mother Tongue †Based Multilingual Education

With all the students having a difficulty in coping with their lessons, Mother tongue-based multilingual education may be helpful or not in solving this problem.OUTLINEI. Introduction II. Purpose of Mother Tongue-based Education A. Reasons why the Mother Tongue should be used in primary schools B.Points and ideas about Mother Tongue-based Education III. Target learners of Mother Tongue-based Education IV. Effects of Mother Tongue-based education to students A. Advantages B. Disadvantages V. ConclusionI.INTRODUCTIONOne of the changes in the basic curriculum of education brought about by the new K + 12 program is the introduction of Mother Tongue – based Multilingual Education. It will be implemented specifically to kindergarten, grades 1, 2 and 3. Mother Tongue refers to â€Å"first-language-first† education that is, schooling which begins in the mother tongue and transitions to additional languages particularly Filipino and English. It is meant to address the high funct ional illiteracy of Filipinos where language plays a significant factor. Since the child’s own language enables her/ him to express him/herself easily, then, there is no fear of making mistakes.It encourages active participation by children in the learning process because they understand what is being discussed and what is being asked of them. They can immediately use their mother tongue to construct and explain their world, articulate their thoughts and add new concepts to what they already know. With the demand of a high quality education today, this research paper therefore aims to attain the following objectives: 1.To discuss the purpose of Mother-tongue based multilingual education (MTB-MLE) 2.To state the nature and effects of Mother tongue  3.To tackle as a form of comparing the advantage and disadvantages of  MTB-MLE. 4.To prove why Mother Tongue is a helpful or not in solving the problem with students having a difficulty in coping with their lessons.II.PURPOSE OF MOTHER TONGUE-BASED EDUCATIONA.Reasons why the Mother Tongue should be used in primary schoolsThere are many reasons why it is so important to support the continued learning of the home language or mother tongue. As Clarke (2009) puts it: A strong first language supports the development of a positive self-concept, helps to strengthen the existing relationships within the family and provides the opportunity to continue cognitive development while learning other languages as a second language.In supporting the first language it is needed: respecting and supporting the home language, planning base on the development of knowledge of language, creating an environment to support natural language learning, observing children talking, finding out what they know in using language, establishing a supportive environment, understanding and appreciating the home literacy and helping parents to understand the value of a strong first or home language (Hassanzadeh et al. 40)Local and international studies show that the use of the learner’s mother tongue or the language used at home is the most effective medium of learning. â€Å"It is the easiest way for children to access the unfamiliar world of school learning. (Luistro)† If the use of mother tongue will be discarded in favor of a new unfamiliar language upon the children’s entry into grade school, the learners lose interest in their studies because there is a disconnection in the language used at home and in school. It will also be a loss of confidence in them as learners since their culture and experiences are excluded in classroom interactions.Strong and well-planned MT-Based MLE programs help students to build a string educational foundation when they enable and encourage students to develop oral fluency in their first language, introduce reading and writing in their first language, help students to become fluent and confident in first language literacy, and lastly, build their capacity to use thei r mother tongue for everyday communication and for learning in school.MTB-MLE help learners build a ‘good bridge’ when the teachers introduce  other languages in oral through a meaningful and non-threatening activities, introduce writing and reading other language by building on what they have learned about the oral teaching of language and their foundation in the first language literacy because reading is like a bicycle, we only need to learn once, and lastly, build fluency and confidence in using oral and written language for everyday communication and for academic learning.MTB-MLE programs ensure that students achieve educational competencies or standards established by education officials for each grade when the teachers use the mother tongue only for teaching in the early year of grade school, as students are learning basic communication skills in English and the teachers use the mother tongue with English for teaching in later grades, as students gain fluency an d confidence in using the school language for learning academic concepts. (Malone 3-4)B.Points and ideas about Mother Tongue-based EducationLanguage is one of the valuable gifts which have been passed to children. The first language is significant and builds the basis for all later language progresses. Parents, family members and early childhood professionals have very important role on the development and maintenance of the first language. Studies shows that knowing one language can assist the child to comprehend how other languages work. First or home language is particularly important for the child‘s development of a positive self-concept and well-being.Children who have the chance to maintain their first language can extend their cognitive development, while learning English [this also can be correct with other languages including Turkish] as a second language. Their level of competence in the second language has relationship to the level of competence they have achieved i n their first language. Children with a sound knowledge of their first language will be able to transfer skills from one language to another. Early childhood professionals can play a vital role in the maintenance of children‘s first languages.They can provide opportunities for children to use their mother tongue in early childhood settings and at school and encourage the parents to use the mother tongue at home in order to provide a good foundation for learning English. It is important to reassure parents that children will learn English as a second language from English speakers (Clarke). The mother tongue opens the  door, including its own grammar, to all grammars, in which it awakens the potential for universal grammar that lies within all of us. It is the valuable asset people bring to the task of language learning. For this reason, the mother tongue is the master key to foreign languages, the tool which gives us the fastest, surest, most precise, and most complete means of accessing a foreign language.Successful learners capitalize on the vast amount of linguistic skills and world knowledge they have accumulated via the mother tongue. For the beginner, becoming aware of meanings automatically involves connecting them with the mother tongue – until the FL has established an ever-more complex network for itself. The foreign language learner must build upon existing skills and knowledge acquired in and through the mother tongue. Monolingual lessons without the help of the mother tongue are extrinsically possible; however, monolingual learning is an intrinsic impossibility.No one can simply turn off what they already know. It is postulated that the mother tongue is ‘silently‘ present in beginners, even when lessons are kept monolingual. Just as we build upon our abilities to vocalize, to read and to write, all of which have been developed via our mother tongue, so too we are unable to switch off our knowledge of the world, again acq uired through the mother tongue. With the emergence of research into the role of form-focused instruction, teacher- researchers have also begun to acknowledge the mother tongue as a legitimate tool with the potential to facilitate learning mainly in accuracy-based tasks (Ferrer). â€Å"You can banish the MT from the classroom, but you cannot banish it from the pupils’ heads† (Butzkamm p.31).We need to associate the new with the old. To exclude MT links would deprive us of the richest source for building cross-linguistic networks. The well-directed and informative use of lexical and syntactic parallels between the mother tongue and foreign languages taught in schools promotes retention and deepens the understanding of the historical affinity of language and culture (Butzkamm, 2003). The relationship between languages should be clearly established and not ignored or suppressed. The non-use of the MT, however, seriously constrains what can be said and read. MT will save l earners from a feeling of frustration which will eventually lead them to avoid all topics of personal interest. The measured and well-calculated contribution of the mother tongue can allow pupils to tackle more difficult texts sooner (Hassanzadeh et al. 40-42).III.TARGET LEARNERS OF MOTHER TONGUE-BASED EDUCATIONBasically, MTB-MLE targets students who are having a difficulty in understanding other languages rather than their own language which is their first language. Most of these students are primarily entering kindergarten and first three years of grade school. It’s very common that children will lack interest in going to school once they didn’t understand their lessons at school. Since, their parents are from different places around the country or around the world, it’s expected them to speak and understand what they learn from their parents. Not all students can understand English or other languages. At the start of classes, many will have a hard time in cop ing up with the lessons since they’re having a difficulty in understanding what the teachers are saying.MTB-MLE aims to produce learners who are:Multi-literate – they can read and write competently in the local language, the national language, and one or more languages of wider communication, such as English;Multi-lingual – they can use these languages in various situations;Multi-cultural – they can live and work harmoniously with people of culture backgrounds that are different from their own (Nolasco 3).IV.EFFECTS OF MOTHER TONGUE-BASED EDUCATION TO STUDENTSA.AdvantagesIn Mother Tongue-based Multilingual Education, students are taught over a period of time in their native language and English is treated as a second language, taught side by side and only when the student is believed to have attained proficiency in native language, so that he can master English easily. Technically and simply speaking, multilingual education is any educational system that favors education in more than one language. According to its proponents, the most important benefit of this system is that a student, who is from a non-English speaking background, can easily learn English, owing to his language development, in his native language as well as in English language.And isn't it good to be proficient in various languages? What problem does it create if a student is well conversant in English and in his mother tongue? Besides that, a child who is exposed to multiple languages will be able to develop a better sense of appreciating  various cultures and understanding societies. After all, now we're living in a global world and so being multilingual is always an asset in firms and business works.Added to these advantages the child can easily use his native language in groups and he won't feel ashamed of it. In case, he is just aware of one language, he may face problems of hesitation in expressing himself. Its beautiful form of education as the minority sp eakers can learn English even while being able to strengthen their cultural bonds by being proficient in their mother tongue. (Pandey)B.DisadvantagesUnsuccessful Attempt at Integration into SocietyMultilingual education was deemed necessary since it was supposed to help integrate the children of immigrants and minorities into society. The system of multilingual education demanded separate teachers and classrooms and believed in gradual integration into society by allowing children to receive education in their native language for a period of three or more years.Proponents of a single medium of instruction opposed bilingual education, since they believed that separate teachers and classrooms would widen the already existing gap between citizens and immigrants. They further proposed that encouraging children to interact within their own community for a period of three years, would delay the process of adjusting to the ways of life in a new country.School Dropout RatesOver the years, t he dropout rate in various schools across North America has reduced significantly. The medium of instruction in the above-mentioned schools is English. However, there has been no reduction in the dropout rates for schools offering multilingual education. Most people feel that a dropout rate of 35% doesn't justify the costs involved in providing this form of education.Unavailability of TeachersMultilingual education requires a number of trained teachers who are proficient in both English and their native language, assuming that English is one of the mediums of instruction. There is a wide gap between the demand and the supply for teachers, who are both confident and capable of handing the intense pressure associated with managing a class of students requiring special attention.Lack of ClassroomsThere is a dearth of classrooms that can accommodate students, who require instructions in both English and their native language. Students are expected to sit together in one class regardless of their age and the variations in the required level of education. This poses a great problem for teachers, who, in addition to being well versed in two languages, have to exhibit a certain level of comfort in handling different levels of education, simultaneously.Lack of FundsThe mentioned issues bring us to the tip of the problem: lack of funds to promote multilingual education.Bilingual Education Is CostlyEducation becomes unobtainable, when a language that is not dominant in nature is to be taught. The scenario becomes economically feasible, when multiple languages commonly used, are taught. An education system ought to be aware that the noble sap of education and literacy lies in understanding the language in which knowledge is imparted. The content and context of the subject becomes oblivious, if the student is not well acquainted with the language employed (Iyer).V.CONCLUSIONThis paper presents the benefits of a Mother Tongue-based Multilingual Education. MTB-MLE is a very helpful program to those students who use their first language in everyday life. It is used to also be a bridge or a mediator to learn other languages as well. Although it has some disadvantage in our money, it will ensure us that our children, future children and relatives will understand and learn very well the lesson being taught in school. Thus, Mother Tongue-based education is challenging in terms of planning, implementing and sustaining MTB-MLE programs in multiple language communities especially in multi-lingual countries lacking extensive financial resources.

Becoming New Yorkers

Many changes happened in the world in the past years. One of the most notable modifications that are observed is the development of international relations that involves different countries around the globe. Almost every state are giving due importance in strengthening their diplomatic ties with other countries.This kind of practice only shows the increasing vitality of the interdependency and collaboration of each nation from another especially during this time of globalization. Another essential phenomenon that is also a clear implication of globalization is the immigration of the citizens of one country into another nation.There has been a dramatic increase in the immigration of people coming from developing countries to go to developed states in order to seek for greener pasture. Being the case, this kind of situation is also changing the very way of life of the countries that they go to. There are specific places in a certain country wherein the immigrants are concentrated. Due to the difference in cultures of the immigrants as well as the native born of the country that they went to, it cannot be prevented that an assimilation of culture will take place.Nevertheless, assimilation is most observable in the second generation of these citizens wherein an immigrant will give birth to her child in the foreign land and raise him or her with the values and principles of two different cultures. As such, the dominating existence of these immigrants will largely contribute in modifying the perspective of people with regards to different important issues in the place they are in. It can also reach a point that these second generation of citizens will create their own culture, which is a mixture of the way of life of their immigrant parents and the foreign country that they lived in.The phenomenon of immigration and the situation of second generation of this type of citizens are discussed in the book entitled â€Å"Becoming New Yorkers. † This book is a collec tion of the studies conducted by numerous researchers with regards to immigration and its effect in the certain places of a country were immigrants composed the majority of the population. Their study is specifically focused in the situation of New York, which is considered as one of places in the United States of America where immigrants are larger than the actual native-born citizens of the country.The methodology that the researchers use in the duration of the studies deal with qualitative case studies about second and â€Å"1. 5† generation immigrants in New York. 1. 5-generation immigrants are those people whose parents were immigrants but they were born or substantially raised in the United States (Kasinitz et. al, 2004). The participants of these studies are all young adults that are defining their path of life in a complex and often very tough city. Most of them considered themselves as very different from their immigrant parents.They work in various kinds of jobs and they have various educational opportunities. They view about race and ethnicity differently from their parents and they also have varying stand about important issues like love and marriage, relations with relatives, and the way to raise children. At the same time, only a minority of these young people considered themselves as â€Å"mainstream† Americans. In their everyday lives they have to establish a balance between the ideas of foreign-ness and native-born entitlement.It is a struggle between the statuses of an insider from an outsider. This eventually creates tension that is often referred to as the reason that makes them very much â€Å"New Yorkers† (Kasinitz et. al, 2004). In this case, it is vital that the concept of assimilation is discuss in order to understand the effects of immigration to the American culture and its citizens may they be native-born or immigrants. Assimilation is defined as the â€Å"process by which the characteristics of member of immig rant groups and host societies come to resemble one another† (Brown and Bean, 2006).It is also known as integration or incorporation. The process of assimilation has both economic and socio-cultural dimensions. It started with the immigrant generation and persists through the second generation and beyond (Brown and Bean, 2006). Social scientific observers that studied the last great wave of immigrants to the United States, which are largely European, assumed that assimilation was desirable and inevitable. Social scientists during the midtwentieth century perceived assimilation as synonymous to upward mobility.However, during the late 1960s, this idea was greatly debated because of the relation of assimilation with America’s loss of confidence in terms of the racial and ethnic problems that it brought about. It is at this moment that assimilation was greatly regarded as historically for â€Å"whites only† (Kasinitz et. al, 2004). Another issue that emerged with re gards to the concept of assimilation is the idea of â€Å"becoming American†. Critics of immigration believed that it is impossible to have immigrants that are 100 percent Americans and even their offspring cannot be considered as true Americans.On the other hand, the supporters of immigration believes that through time these immigrants will be able to acquire the American way of life and eventually forget and lose its ties with his or her native land (Kasinitz et. al, 2004). Similar with the arguments of the researchers of this book, I believed that it is indeed impossible for immigrants to become true or pure Americans. The recent developments in communication technology as well as the cheap cost of foreign travel even make it easier for immigrants not to lose their connection with their native land.In relation to this, I also believed that the process of assimilation indeed has its benefits and consequences. It is capable of creating conflict through the confusion of balan cing various cultures but it also creates spheres of cooperation that allow more people all over the world to relate and interact with each other. The outcome of the second generation’s assimilation is very difficult to foresee especially with the debate on the real meaning of assimilation in this present time.However, I deem that one thing is sure that assimilation will indeed produce cultural loses and cultural gains. References Brown, S. K. , & Bean, F. D. (2006). Assimilation Models, Old and New: Explaining a Long- Term Process. Retrieved December 19, 2008, from http://www. migrationinformation. org/feature/display. cfm? id=442. Kasinitz, P. , Mollenkopf, J. H. , & Waters, M. C. (2004). Becoming New Yorkers: Ethnographies of the New Second Generation. U. S. A. : Russell Sage Foundation.

Free Essays on Comparing Henry David Theareau And William WOrdsworth

worth’s poem explain to us how life continues to go on no matter what happens. â€Å" The Sea that bares her bosom to the moon, the winds that be howling at all hours, and are up-gathered like sleeping ... Free Essays on Comparing Henry David Theareau And William WOrdsworth Free Essays on Comparing Henry David Theareau And William WOrdsworth While writing from completely different periods, the age of romanticism and the 19th century, Wordsworth and Thoreau withhold strikingly similar ideas in two of their important works. Thoreau’s Walden and Wordsworth’s â€Å"The World is Too Much with Us† both attempt to teach us about the significance nature has on our lives. In Walden, Thoreau actually writes about the lifestyle that he lives in and preaches to us why we should live it also. â€Å"The World is Too Much with Us’ is a much shorter piece of writing in which Wordsworth tries to tell us what is wrong with the â€Å"modern world†. Wordsworth and Thoreau talk about and use the word nature many times in their writings. However they are not referring to the misuse of our planets forests, rivers and mountains but rather the misguided nature of the modern man. To begin with, in the opening sentence of The World is Too Much with Us†, Wordsworth is openly telling us we are too worried about getting material objects and spending money. â€Å"Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers;† In the following two lines Wordsworth explains peoples obsession with possession, and how we have all forgotten the real meaning to life as we have â€Å"given our hearts away†. Thoreau has a similar belief that he proposes in the conclusion of Walden. He writes, â€Å" Why should we be in such desperate haste to succeed and in such desperate enterprises...Let him step to the music which he hears, however measured or far away†. In these words I think Thoreau is trying to tell us that what kind of stuf f and how much of it you can buy with your money really doesn’t matter in the long run. Instead a man should follow his heart and do whatever makes him happy. The next few lines of Wordsworth’s poem explain to us how life continues to go on no matter what happens. â€Å" The Sea that bares her bosom to the moon, the winds that be howling at all hours, and are up-gathered like sleeping ...

Mitigation Essays - Environmental Economics, Free Essays

Mitigation Essays - Environmental Economics, Free Essays Mitigation Mitigation measures for all culturally significant locations found during an archaeological survey along the thirty-mile long proposed gas pipeline project in portions of Cleveland and McClain Counties in central Oklahoma should consider the degree of the impact, such as, no adverse affect, an adverse effect, or no effect. Other consideration, when considering mitigation techniques is how significant is the impact. Early notification of the State historic preservation officers is also important when determining historical site information and mitigation considerations. 1.Mitigation plans for location A (5 miles east of the westernmost point of the pipeline), which is already included in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) would consist of the following; alternate routes that would avoid the NRHP site completely, down scaling the proposed project size, or possibly abandoning the pipeline project completely. All these proposed mitigation techniques could be used which would spare the NRHP site any adverse effects. If the pipeline project must continue along the proposed route, alternative mitigation options could be used. Possibly repairing, rehabilitating or even restoring the site where any damage has occurred during the construction phase of the pipeline. If these mitigation would not be acceptable, then relocation of the site and the salvage of all sites' material if the site location had to be destroyed during construction. 2.Location B and C (8 miles and 9 miles, respectively, east of the westernmost point of the pipeline), were found eligible for NRHP protection. Mitigation measures at both location B and C would be the same as location A, since properties eligible for inclusions are covered under section 106 of The National Historic Preservation Act which is the same as properties already listed in the NRHP. 3.At location D (14 miles east of the westernmost point of the pipeline), an old building used as a farm house by early settler (about 100 years ago) in Cleveland county was found not eligible for the NRHP. Even thought the farmhouse was not eligible for the NRHP this does not necessarily mean that the farmhouse does not have historical value to the Locals. Consideration of Local concerns should be addressed when considering destruction of the farmhouse and possible mitigation measures. Other considerations include possible future eligibility to the NRHP, since the farmhouse is 100 years old. Possible mitigation measure could include relocation of the farmhouse or event an alternate route for the pipeline. Finally it may be necessary to demolish the farmhouse in the interest of the gas pipeline project. 4.At location E (23 miles east of the westernmost point of the pipeline) several grave sites were found: which are thought to be a part of a larger Indian burial ground. This location and all associated items would be protected by The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990. Mitigation recommendation for this site would be not to disturb the graves by rerouting the pipeline, or canceling the pipeline project. Disruption of the Indian burial ground as a mitigation alternative would be unlikely. Prearranged plans should be made for any additional historic properties found during the construction phase of the thirty-mile long pipeline. The plans should be included in any documentation during the assessment and consultation steps of the Section 106 process. It may be necessary to develop agreements or Memoranda of Understanding with the state and local archaeological agencies just in case a site is discovered during the construction phase. Care should be taken not to divulge any information to the public until the historical site is protected from thieves and from people that could damage the site.

English class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

English class - Essay Example Hobbs was a man, who strived for the best all the time and tried to achieve greatness and the status of being a hero. Even though he did finally achieve popularity, he realized later that it was not because of the true perseverance that he had put into his work; but because of the disgraces that he had showered his life with. He later had the epiphany that he would then ‘suffer’ for all the wrongdoings that he had done. (Morgan Alex) Thus, after looking up the word, I understood that suffering is a very different kind of pain that humans have to endure during their lifetime; it might last and leave a scar on one’s life, and some people might even learn to move on and forget the past. Therefore, I do not only see the word as something associated with physical pain because after looking it up and reading the text again, it is clear that suffering is what usually mental trauma is. Works Cited Malamud, Bernard. The Natural. (1952) Definition for the term â€Å"Suffer /Suffering†. Merrim-Webster Dictionary. 3 February 2011. Web. Morgan, Alex.

Social work-- Self Help Group Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social work-- Self Help Group Report - Essay Example After graduating from High School we went to different colleges as he wanted to be an architect while I wanted to study medicine. Though our friendship continued, I was dismayed to find that Angelo had suffered a bad setback due to his drinking habit which he had started after he broke up with his girlfriend. Ever since that time he had only gone deeper into the habit which he could not seem to get rid of. It was a Sunday afternoon on the 7th of September and the time was about 2 pm. When we shifted the listless Angelo to the Alcohol Anonymous Department which was located in the heart of the city of Austin about an hours drive from where we lived. Angelo had a light temperature, was restless and blabbered in his delirium. We had phoned the hospital and they were waiting for us to arrive. On arrival they quickly moved Angelo to a stretcher which they wheeled into an emergency room. I reassured Angelo’s mother that everything would be fine and while waiting there made an observation of everything around. The first thing that struck me was the sad and anxious faces of parents and loved ones who had accompanied their dear ones here and waited in anticipation for the advice of the doctors and nurses who did their work with such dedication. I was quite familiar with the surroundings because a few years back I had accompanied another friend of mine who had a problem with alcohol abuse but was now over it. The people at the center were by and large a mixed group of both men and women between the ages of about 16 to 60 years old. Some had accompanied their children while others accompanied their husbands or wives. Most of the crowd present seemed to come from an affluent background but there were also others who came from a much lower social class. A good majority of people came from an ethnic background such as African, Vietnamese and Chinese. Everyone was going out of their way to help one another because